Research suggests that more than half of all emergency department (ED) visits in the United States are for non-urgent conditions, leading to billions of dollars in potentially avoidable spending annually. Dr. David J. Becker, associate professor in the department of health care organization and policy at the University of Alabama at Birmingham – along with department colleagues Dr. Justin Blackburn, assistant professor; Dr. Michael A. Morrisey, professor; Dr. Bisakha Sen, professor; Dr. Meredith L. Kilgore, professor and chair; and Dr. Nir Menachemi, professor – recently examined the effects of co-payment changes on ED utilization among children enrolled in ALL Kids, Alabama’s Children’s Health Insurance Program.