The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has funded a new research training program at Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health and the School of Social Work. Pre- and post-doctoral fellows at the schools will conduct bio-socio-behavioral HIV and drug abuse prevention, treatment, and care research in the criminal justice system. Currently, 2.2 million people are incarcerated in the U.S., and the number of adults under correction supervision has recently peaked at over 7.2 million– a three-fold increase since 1980. Over the past decade, the criminal justice system has been recognized as an epicenter of the HIV epidemic in the U.S.