Reducing air pollution in New York City would result in substantial economic gains for children as a result of increasing their IQs. The study is the first to estimate the costs of IQ loss associated with exposure to air pollution, and is based on prior research on prenatal exposure to air pollutants among low-income children by Dr. Frederica Perera, lead author of the current study, and colleagues at the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.