A new University of Florida study challenges the notion that multitasking causes one or both activities to suffer. In a study of older adults who completed cognitive tasks while cycling on a stationary bike, UF researchers found that participants’ cycling speed improved while multitasking, with no cost to their cognitive performance.
Results of the study, which was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, were published May 13 in the journal PLOS ONE.
The discovery was a surprise finding for investigators Dr. Lori Altmann, an associate professor of speech, language, and hearing sciences at the UF College of Public Health and Health Professions, and Dr. Chris Hass, an associate professor of applied physiology and kinesiology in the UF College of Health and Human Performance. They originally set out to determine the degree to which dual task performance suffers in patients with Parkinson’s disease. To do this, the researchers had a group of patients with Parkinson’s and a group of healthy older adults complete a series of increasingly difficult cognitive tests while cycling.
Participants’ cycling speed was about 25 percent faster while doing the easiest cognitive tasks but became slower as the cognitive tasks became more difficult. Yet, the hardest tasks only brought participants back to the speeds at which they were cycling before beginning the cognitive tasks. The findings suggest that combining the easier cognitive tasks with physical activity may be a way to get people to exercise more vigorously. The researchers plan to make this a topic for future research.
“As participants were doing the easy tasks, they were really going to town on the bikes, and they didn’t even realize it,” Dr. Altmann said. “It was as if the cognitive tasks took their minds off the fact that they were pedaling.”
During the study, 28 participants with Parkinson’s disease and 20 healthy older adults completed 12 cognitive tasks while sitting in a quiet room and again while cycling. Tasks ranged in difficulty from saying the word ‘go’ when a blue star was shown on a projection screen to repeating increasingly long lists of numbers in reverse order of presentation. A video motion capture system recorded participants’ cycling speed.
Their cycling speed was faster while performing the cognitive tasks, with the most improvement during the six easiest cognitive tasks. Cognitive performance while cycling was similar to baseline across all tasks.
The reasons for participants’ multitasking success most likely include multiple factors, the researchers say, but they hypothesize that one explanation could be the cognitive arousal that happens when people anticipate completing a difficult cognitive task. Similarly, exercise increases arousal in regions of the brain that control movement. Arousal increases the release of neurotransmitters that improve speed and efficiency of the brain, particularly the frontal lobes, thus improving performance in motor and cognitive tasks.
Link to full story: https://ufhealth.org/news/2015/uf-study-shows-benefits-multitasking-exercise