Studies suggest that treatment-resistant hypertension is common and increasing in prevalence among U.S. adults. Although hypertension is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), few data are available for the association between treatment-resistant hypertension and ESRD risk. In a prospective cohort study, PhD student Ms. Rikki M. Tanner, and professor Dr. Paul Muntner, in the department of epidemiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham – along with department colleague assistant Dr. Ryan Irvin, Dr. David A. Calhoun, and Dr. Suzanne Oparil, all professors in the division of cardiovascular disease, and Dr. Emmy K. Bell, assistant professor, Dr. David G. Warnock, professor, and Dr. Orlando M. Gutiérrez, assistant professor in the division of nephrology – analyzed data from 9,974 REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study participants treated for hypertension without ESRD at baseline.